Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40751507›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurology2025

Heart Rate Profiles During Exercise and Incident Parkinson's Disease.

Stefan van Duijvenboden, Julia Ramírez, Job Scheurink, Sirwan K L Darweesh, Michele Orini, Andrew Tinker, Patricia B Munroe, Jos Thannhauser, Luc Evers, Joanna IntHout and 4 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Stefan van DuijvenbodenNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8897-558X
Julia RamírezClinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Job ScheurinkNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sirwan K L DarweeshDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4361-4593
Michele OriniInstitute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK.
Andrew TinkerClinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Patricia B MunroeClinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Jos ThannhauserDepartment of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Luc EversDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Joanna IntHoutIQ Health, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Pier D LambiaseInstitute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK.
Bastiaan R BloemDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Aiden Doherty *Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Marc A Brouwer *Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 223100/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether established heart rate parameters of exercise, related to cardiac autonomic function, are associated with incident Parkinson's disease, independent of both clinical and autonomic prodromal features.

methodsA study of UK Biobank participants who performed a standardized bicycle exercise test (2009-2013), followed until November 2022, and analyzed in January 2024, was carried out. Heart rate increase from rest to exercise, and heart rate decrease from peak exercise to recovery were associated with incident Parkinson's disease. Multivariable adjustment was performed both for clinical characteristics and for prodromal non-cardiac autonomic features.

resultsA total of 69,288 eligible participants (men 48%, mean age 56.8 years [SD 8.2 years]) were followed for 12.5 years: among the 319 (0.5%) who developed Parkinson's disease, recognized prodromal markers (constipation, bladder dysfunction) were more common at baseline. The median lag time to diagnosis was 9.3 years (interquartile range 4.4). Both heart rate increase (37.5 [SD 11.5] vs 40.8 [SD 12.4] b.p.m., p < 0.001) and recovery (23.4 [SD 8.8] vs. 27.8 [SD 10.3] b.p.m., p < 0.001) were significantly lower in incident cases compared with controls. Heart rate recovery was independently associated with incident Parkinson's disease, whereas heart rate increase was not. Specifically, a blunted heart rate lowering during recovery was associated with a 30% higher risk of incident Parkinson's disease (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.4; p < 0.001 per 10 beats less recovery).

interpretationCollectively, this suggests that cardiac autonomic involvement precedes clinically manifest Parkinson's disease, and that heart rate recovery might serve as a quantitative prodromal marker. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:1004-1013.

Indexed as

ExerciseHeart RateParkinson DiseaseAgedExercise TestFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProdromal SymptomsUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID40751507
PMCPMC12577668

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.