ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2025
Is sacred animal (Asian Elephant) can be a medicinal repository: a new approach for colon cancer treatment using the methanolic extracts of the dung samples and their valuation for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and apoptotic actions.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs well as the aesthetic and sacred value, the Elephas maximus indicus (Asian Elephant) animal is known to have several medicinal properties due to its components and a wide range of therapeutic properties present in their products.
methodsFor the first time, we aimed to determine the methanolic extracts obtained from the undigested food (dung) or feaces samples of E. m. indicus for the evaluation of biomedical applications with the qualitative estimation of their phytochemicals, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
resultsThe presence of important phytochemicals indicates the clear existence of secondary metabolites in the methanolic extracts obtained from the undigested food (dung) samples of the Asian Elephants. From the GC-MS analysis, the total peaks revealed 26 main peak areas with various percentages of identified compounds. Furthermore, the methanol extracts showed moderate to highest inhibitory activity against the experimental microorganisms, utilizing the antimicrobial susceptibility studies. Further, the methanolic extracts showed a cytotoxic effect against the human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. The highest half maximal inhibitory concentration activity (IC50 value) was recorded at a concentration of 320 µg/mL of concentration with 82% inhibition of HCT-116 cells. The treatment of HCT-116 cells with the samples at the concentrations of 80 µg/ml and 160 µg/mL showed Gap 2 phase or Growth 2 phase (G2M) arrest from 0.95% (control) to 1.52% and 1.44%, respectively. Similarly, the methanolic extracts treated at 80 µg/ml and 160 µg/ml have induced early and late apoptosis in HCT-116 cells with 1.72% and 5.09% of early apoptosis; 9.63% and 17.37% of late apoptosis, respectively.
conclusionsThe results obtained from the above-mentioned studies related to antimicrobial, cytotoxic, cell cycle, and apoptotic activities of the dung samples of the Asian Elephants indicate that these undigested food (dung) samples are a “rich and promising organic source” that can be used as repository drugs or medicines in the field of biomedical applications, and pharmacological industries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.