Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40751122›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2025

Species concept of golden flower camellias in China.

Yanlei Liu, Ningning Xue, Chao Xu, Yiheng Wang, Xiaona Huang, Ran Sun, Xueying Yang, Jin Zhang, Jiahui Sun, Shiliang Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. PhytoKeys · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yanlei LiuSchool of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
Ningning XueState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
Chao XuState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
Yiheng WangState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
Xiaona HuangGolden Flower Camellia Garden, Nanning, 530023, China.
Ran SunCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Xueying YangNational Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100045, China.
Jin ZhangNational Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100045, China.
Jiahui SunState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. sunjh_2010@sina.com.
Shiliang ZhouState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. slzhou@ibcas.ac.cn.

Funding

CACMS Innovation Fund CI2021A03909, CI2023E002National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC32170226Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province C2022402017the Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China 2024JBGS003, 2025JB006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGolden flower camellias are valued in China as oil crops, medicinal plants and beautiful ornamental species. Due to overexploitation, all species of golden flower camellias are seriously endangered and have been regarded as the "giant panda of the plant kingdom". Unfortunately, the evolutionary relationships among golden flower camellia species are poorly understood, leading to frequent misidentifications.

resultsIn this paper, we report our understanding of golden flower camellia species according to the phylogenies based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the whole chloroplast genome (cpG). We sequenced 95 ITS fragments and determined 65 cpGs. Combined with cleaned sequences downloaded from GenBank, the ITS dataset comprised 931 sequences representing 160 camellia taxa, and the cpG dataset included 322 genomes from 140 camellia taxa. Phylogenies based on both datasets suggested extensive interspecific hybridization and chloroplast genome capture events. Genome duplication and incomplete concerted evolution did not significantly affect phylogenetic reconstruction used for species identification based on ITS sequences.

conclusionsA total of 23 golden flower camellia species are currently recognized as occurring in China. The ITS sequences are sensitive enough to discriminate all the re-circumscribed species and the cpG data are useful for tracing their geographical origins. Compared to non-golden flower camellias, the golden flower camellias have much lower genetic diversity. Considering that there are very few populations and even very few individuals, the golden flower camellias should be strictly protected in situ and conserved in nurseries ex situ. Future research efforts should be devoted to documenting the origins of hybrid species, and ex situ conservation efforts should be made toward evaluation and expansion of genetic diversity coverage.

Indexed as

CamelliaFlowersGenome, ChloroplastChinaPhylogenySpecies SpecificityCamelliaConservation biologyGolden flower camelliaPhylogenySpecies concept

Identifiers

PMID40751122
PMCPMC12315351

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.