ArticleMalaria journal2025
Larvicidal and adulticidal effects of combined hydroethanolic extracts of clove flower buds and garlic bulbs on Anopheles gambiae.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsecticides are toxic substances, though not necessarily toxins, intentionally released into the environment to kill or manage insect populations. These chemical toxins pose significant risks to human and animal health due to their direct effects and their impact as environmental pollutants. To mitigate these chemical hazards, the use of phytocompounds with superior larvicidal or mosquitocidal effects, low toxicity levels in mammals, and short-term environmental persistence may be a preferable alternative.
methodsThis study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal effects of the combined hydroethanolic extracts of garlic and clove on Anopheles gambiae. The experiment included four treatment groups: garlic, clove, combined extract (garlic + clove), and deltamethrin (standard insecticide). At the end of the 24 h experiment, the knocked-down adult mosquitoes were homogenized and used for biochemical assays.
resultsThe combined garlic-clove extract significantly increased (p < 0.05) the larval mortality rate compared to the single garlic and clove extracts. Similarly, the combined extracts of garlic-clove significantly increased (p < 0.05) mortality of adult mosquitoes compared to deltamethrin and the individual garlic and clove extract. The garlic-clove combined extracts showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the activity of acetylcholine esterase and Na-k ATPase compared with the deltamethrin group. Furthermore, the docking interaction between AChE and voltage gated ion channel with the GC-MS identified compounds of the extracts showed a higher binding affinity with caryophyllene, estrone, morellinol compared to deltamethrin.
conclusionsThe efficacy of the garlic-clove extract as a larvicide and adulticide has been confirmed through biochemical analyses and in silico studies. This lethal effect is likely due to the inhibition of crucial enzymes that facilitate essential processes such as signal transduction and energy production. Moreover, the biocidal properties of these extracts stem from the alteration of vital metabolic pathways, influenced by a range of bioactive compounds found in both garlic and clove.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.