Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40750829›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Determinants and spatial patterns of solid fuel use in East Africa based on demographic and health survey data from 2012 to 2023.

Gelila Yitageasu, Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Eshetu Abera Worede, Tigist Kifle, Mitkie Tigabie, Zemichael Gizaw, Helen Brhan, Lidetu Demoze

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gelila YitageasuDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. gelilayitageasu1@gmail.com.
Amensisa Hailu TesfayeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Eshetu Abera WoredeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tigist KifleDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mitkie TigabieDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Zemichael GizawDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Helen BrhanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Lidetu DemozeDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Solid fuel use is a major contributor to indoor air pollution and poses significant public health risks in low-income countries. However, regional variation and its determinants in East Africa remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and key predictors of solid fuel utilization among households in East Africa. We analyzed data from 218,282 households across 12 East African countries using Demographic and Health Survey (2012-2023) data. Spatial analyses were conducted using ArcGIS V.10.7.1 and SaTScan™ 10.0.2, while multilevel logistic regression was applied to identify significant individual- and community-level factors. The AIC, BIC, and Deviance were used to assess the model's fitness. Solid fuel use was highly prevalent at 88.5% (95% CI: 88.4-88.7%), with hotspots identified in Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Malawi; some parts of Mozambique and Ethiopia. Significant predictors were female household head, 30-40 age of household head, large family size, education level, marital status, no mobile phone, wealth index, no electricity access, rural residence, and no media exposure. Solid fuel dependence remains widespread in East Africa, with marked regional disparities. Expanding access to affordable clean energy and targeted public health policies are urgently needed to reduce reliance on solid fuels and achieve equitable energy access.

Indexed as

Air Pollution, IndoorCookingAdultAfrica, EasternDemographyFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsSpatial AnalysisYoung AdultClean fuelClusterCooking fuelEast africaSolid fuelSpatial

Identifiers

PMID40750829
PMCPMC12316948

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.