ReviewNPJ vaccines2025
Modulation of oral vaccine efficacy by the gut microbiota.
Review in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systems engineering of engineered live biotherapeutics: A discovery-to-translation framework for streamlining microbiome therapeutic development.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Advancing Global Hepatitis B Elimination: The Case for Using Maize as a Low-Cost, Heat-Stable, and Scalable Oral Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Impact of Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure on Gut Microbiome and Vaccine Immunogenicity in Infants: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Immune modulatory vaccines targeting tumor microenvironment antigens: recent advances in oncology and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oral vaccines are potential options for preventing global pandemics because of their ability to elicit systemic and mucosal immunity and the high degree of compliance among individuals for oral vaccines. Nevertheless, oral vaccine efficacy is insufficient, and there is heterogeneity in the vaccine response among individuals, which may be attributed to the complex network of interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are essential factors modulating the efficacy of oral vaccines. Deepening our understanding of the implications and potential mechanisms of the interaction between oral vaccines and the gut microbiota could inspire the design of effective oral delivery methods. Here, the effects of the gut microbiota on the mucosal immune system and oral vaccine efficacy are reviewed. Examples and implications for modulating the gut microbiota are also summarized. We hope that this review inspires a focus on oral vaccines and highlights pivotal crosstalk between the gut microbiota and vaccine effectiveness.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.