Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40750506›Full record

ArticleSleep health2026

School start times and racial disparities in early adolescent sleep.

Tiffany Yip, Jinjin Yan, Meng-Run Zhang, Yijie Wang, Zhenqiang Zhao, Heining Cham, Margarita Alegría

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tiffany YipDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States. Electronic address: tyip@fordham.edu.
Jinjin YanDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States.
Meng-Run ZhangDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States.
Yijie WangDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States.
Zhenqiang ZhaoDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States.
Heining ChamDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States.
Margarita AlegríaDisparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Funding

Social-Environmental Predictors of Sleep Disparities During the Transition toCollegeR01MD015715 · NIMHD · FORDHAM UNIVERSITY · PI YIP, TIFFANY · 2021 to 2025
$3.2M
Perceived Negative Treatment and Adolescent Substance Use: Understanding Moderating Mechanisms of Sleep and Neighborhood Environment in the ABCD StudyR01MD015763 · NIMHD · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, YIJIE · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD015715NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD015763
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesMany communities in the United States are delaying school start times to improve youth sleep. Racial disparities exist in sleep. The extent to which school start times are associated with racial disparities in sleep is unclear, especially in early adolescent populations that are not the focus of research on school start times. This study examined the associations between school start times and actigraphy-assessed sleep, including duration, onset, and offset times among a national sample of racially diverse early adolescents.

methodsIn a national sample of 3522 early adolescents (M

resultsLater school start times were associated with longer weekday and weekend sleep duration, later onset, and later offset (βs = 0.087 -0.145, ps < .005) among White early adolescents. Among Latinx early adolescents, the association between school start times and weekday sleep duration was weaker compared with White adolescents (b = -0.088, SE = 0.029, p = .03). School start times were unrelated to sleep duration for other racially minoritized early adolescents (βs = -0.124 to 0.124).

conclusionsThe benefits of later school start times for sleep duration were only evidenced for White early adolescents. This study highlights the value of including school start times as a determinant of sleep health equity.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesRacial GroupsSchoolsSleepStudentsActigraphyAdolescentBlack or African AmericanChildFemaleHumansMaleTime FactorsUnited StatesWhiteABCD StudyDisparitiesSchool age populationSchoolsSleep duration

Identifiers

PMID40750506
PMCPMC12418717

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.