ArticlePloS one2025
Non-linear association of cardiometabolic index with gallstone disease in US adults: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The modified cardiometabolic index is associated with gallstones in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Association between total dietary sugar intake and gallstones in Americans.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveObesity and disorders of lipid metabolism are key factors in gallstone formation. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new marker combining obesity indicators (WHtR) and lipid levels (TG/HDL-C). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CMI is associated with the prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD) in adults.
methodsThis study was a cross-sectional study by cohort data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) January 2017-March 2020 cycle. Using sample-weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis, sample weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS), the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and subgroup analysis to assist us with gaining insight into the association between CMI and GSD.
resultsAmong the 2825 included participants, 307 of them were patients with GSD. In a model adjusting for multiple covariates, each unit increase in CMI increased the odds of GSD by 16% (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04-1.30; P = 0.015). Compared to participants with the lowest CMI, those with the highest index had a significantly increased risk of GSD (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.45-4.36; P = 0.006). The sample-weighted multivariable adjusted RCS revealed a nonlinear relationship between CMI and GSD. ROC analysis revealed that CMI had a high predictive effect on the diagnosis of GSD (AUC = 0.680). Subgroup analysis suggested the influence of gender differences on the relationship between CMI and GSD.
conclusionsThe present study found that elevated CMI significantly increased the risk of GSD and emphasized the non-linear relationship between both. These results suggest that CMI could be a potential marker for early screening and intervention of GSD, thus providing guidance for future clinical management of GSD.
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