ArticleBiology of reproduction2025
Pituitary-derived Follicle stimulating hormone has greater follicle-stimulating bioactivity than recombinant Follicle stimulating hormone possibly due to glycoform variants†.
Article in Biology of reproduction, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone is the primary gonadotropin regulating ovarian follicular development and is widely utilized in assisted reproduction. Our previous research indicated that different glycoforms of the follicle-stimulating hormone Beta-subunit influence follicular development in vivo, but their specific roles across various folliculogenesis stages remained unclear. In this study, we compared two commercial follicle-stimulating hormone preparations: pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone, which contains both fully and hypo- glycosylated Beta-subunit forms, and recombination follicle-stimulating hormone, predominantly consisting of fully glycosylated forms. Using an in vitro follicular culture model, we observed that pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone was more effective than recombination follicle-stimulating hormone in stimulating follicular growth and promoting antrum formation in preantral follicles. Pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone also rescued insufficient preantral follicle growth and antrum formation caused by recombination follicle-stimulating hormone. Besides, pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone more efficiently drove small antral follicle growth than recombination follicle-stimulating hormone. Additionally, pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone significantly increased the granulosa cells proliferation and effectively inhibited apoptosis, thereby protecting growing follicles from atresia. Pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone also induced higher steroidogenesis than recombination follicle-stimulating hormone. Mechanistically, pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone activated key downstream signaling including protein kinase A/cAMP-response element binding protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT more efficiently than recombination follicle-stimulating hormone. Importantly, pre-treating antral follicles with pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone significantly improved ovulation rate following human chorionic gonadotropin administration. This was linked to a rapid upregulation of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor expression and enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling activity. Collectively, our data support that pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone, with its mixture of fully and hypo-glycosylated forms, has greater bioactivity in promoting preantral-antral transition, antral follicle growth, and ovulation compared to recombination follicle-stimulating hormone, which mainly consists of fully glycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone. Application of mixed glycoforms or hypo-glycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone may improve the outcomes in assisted reproduction.
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