Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40747569›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion international2025

Diverse community perspectives on public health guidelines for social connection: a qualitative study in Canada.

Jocelle Refol, Shabnam Raufi, J Andrés Delgado-Ron, Kate Mulligan, Taylor G Hill, Cecilia Benoit, Robert J Coplan, Elizabeth C Pinel, Shayna Skakoon-Sparling, Peter J Helm and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jocelle RefolFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
Shabnam RaufiFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
J Andrés Delgado-RonFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.ORCID 0000-0001-7051-6481
Kate MulliganDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M7.ORCID 0000-0001-7249-2823
Taylor G HillDivision of Psychology, University of Dundee, Scrymgeour Building, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.ORCID 0000-0003-0048-7712
Cecilia BenoitCanadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 5M8.ORCID 0000-0002-1000-6049
Robert J CoplanDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6.ORCID 0000-0003-3696-2108
Elizabeth C PinelDepartment of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0224-0000
Shayna Skakoon-SparlingDepartment of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.ORCID 0000-0002-5021-6593
Peter J HelmDepartment of Psychology, Montana State University, 325 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717-3440, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3316-4699
John L OliffeSchool of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 109-2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.ORCID 0000-0001-9029-4003
Pete BombaciGenwell, 1039 Spadina Rd, Toronto, ON, Canada M5N 2M7.
Kiffer G CardFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.ORCID 0000-0001-6545-1249

Funding

CIHR 183613Michael Smith Health Scholar Award SCH-2021-1547Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Men's Health Promotion
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Loneliness and social isolation harm mental and physical health, yet existing public health strategies often fail to reflect the lived realities of equity-owed communities. To address this gap, our team has been developing potential public health guidelines aimed at fostering social connection in Canada. This study sought to engage five communities facing structural inequities (i.e. 2S/LGBTQ+ individuals, racialized communities, Indigenous peoples, people living with disabilities, and migrants/immigrants/refugees) in reviewing and refining draft public health guidelines. Specifically, we conducted 12 focus groups and 11 one-on-one interviews with 60 participants. During these interviews, we presented our guidelines to the participants, explored their lived experiences of social connection in relation to the guidelines, and elicited direct feedback on how the guidelines could be improved to address unique barriers and facilitators in these communities. Through thematic analysis of these data, we characterized participants' perspectives relating to their (i) identity and belonging, (ii) safety and accessibility, (iii) structural and economic resources, (iv) the role of family, (v) social interactions shaped by discrimination, and (vi) recognized health impacts on social connection. Participants' perspectives highlighted the complex interplay of cultural identity, discrimination, financial constraints, and unmet accessibility needs that limit meaningful social engagement. Their feedback identified specific ways to ensure that newly developed guidelines for social connection address critical equity concerns, including improved cultural relevance, accessibility, and community-level supports. These consultations offer clear guidance on tailoring social connection recommendations to the realities of equity-owed groups, underscoring the importance of structured community engagement in guideline development. Integrating these community-informed insights will help shape public health guidelines that are equitable, inclusive, and responsive to diverse lived experiences.

Indexed as

Guidelines as TopicPublic HealthAdultCanadaFemaleFocus GroupsHumansInterviews as TopicLonelinessMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSocial Isolationhealth equityhealth promotionmarginalized populationspublic health guidelinessocial connectionsocial isolation

Identifiers

PMID40747569
PMCPMC12314268

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.