Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40747468›Full record

ReviewBladder (San Francisco, Calif.)2025

Advances in recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer from 2015 to 2024: Innovations and challenges.

Hanzhao Zhu, Jiani Li, Xintong Zhou, Kaixia Mi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hanzhao ZhuLaboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Jiani LiLaboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Xintong ZhouLaboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Kaixia MiLaboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is commonly treated by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, but its efficacy is limited. Research into recombinant BCG (rBCG) aims to enhance its effectiveness and minimize side effects through genetic modifications. Objective: This review explored advancements in rBCG therapy (2015 - 2024), focusing on genetic modifications designed to enhance cytokine production, introduce bacterial effectors, and boost immune responses. It also discusses future research on alternatives such as Conclusion: While rBCG therapies offer promising potential, overcoming translational challenges entails interdisciplinary endeavor to address the issues of safety, cost, and accessibility, and ultimately maximize their benefits for bladder cancer patients.

Indexed as

Bacillus Calmette–GuérinBladder cancerImmune therapyRecombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

Identifiers

PMID40747468
PMCPMC12308127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.