ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
The impact of COVID-19 on thyroid function and psychological state of Graves' disease: a one-year prospective study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since the comprehensive lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control measures in mainland China in December 2022, the population has experienced widespread infection with COVID-19. COVID-19 affects multiple systems, including the endocrine system, particularly the thyroid. Graves' disease, a common autoimmune disorder, may be complicated by COVID-19 infection. Therefore, investigating changes in thyroid function and psychological status in patients with Graves' disease (GDC) and COVID-19 coinfection holds significant clinical importance. Methods: This study enrolled 110 hyperthyroid patients with COVID-19 coinfection, including 90 GDC patients meeting inclusion criteria. They were prospectively followed for one year at three time points: pre-COVID-19, 3 months, and 1 year post-infection. Patients were categorized by COVID-19 duration: G1 (≤5 days), G2 (6-8 days), and G3 (≥9 days). Follow-up included assessments of COVID-19 and GD symptoms, laboratory tests, psychological evaluations, treatment efficacy, COVID-19 management, and antithyroid medication adjustments. Statistical analyses (rank-sum tests, t-tests, multivariate logistic regression) explored COVID-19-GD associations and changes in thyroid function and psychological status in GDC patients. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis, after covariate adjustment, identified the number of COVID-19 symptoms as an independent risk factor for hyperthyroidism in GDC patients, and COVID-19 duration as an independent risk factor for poor psychological status. At 3 months post-infection, the G3 group showed an increased FT3/FT4 ratio and decreased FT4 levels. Significant intergroup differences were observed in FT4 and TSH changes from pre-infection levels, with the G3 group having the highest anxiety and depression scores. Antithyroid medication and psychological interventions were adjusted based on thyroid function and psychological scores. At 1 year post-infection, TSH levels in the G1 and G3 groups increased compared to 3 months, while psychological scores decreased. The G3 group had significantly higher TSH levels than pre-infection, with significant intergroup differences in FT3 and FT4 levels. Conclusion: Post-COVID-19 infection, GDC patients may experience hyperthyroidism and psychological distress, which improve with tailored ATD adjustments and psychological interventions. The FT3/FT4 ratio guides (antithyroid drugs) ATDs optimization, while psychological intervention effectively mitigates anxiety and depression in GDC patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.