ReviewOncology research2025
Hypoxic link between cancer cells and the immune system: The role of adenosine and lactate.
Review in Oncology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic enzymes and immune receptors as emerging checkpoints in breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical trials, and therapeutic implications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Expression of adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors in ovarian cancer: their clinical potential in diagnosis and prognosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Adenosine Signaling as a Central Integrative Network in Cellular Stress Responses and a Therapeutically Actionable Target in Human Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Roles of lactate and lactylation in tumor immune suppression and drug resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion interaction in the tumor microenvironment promote tumor progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming networks in the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment: an integrated axis of nutrient competition, metabolic crosstalk, and immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Navigating the Metabolic-Genomic Paradigm: Mitochondrial Reprogramming as a Driver of Cancer Plasticity.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Engineering through Novel Screening Methods.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial biology and immune crosstalk in breast cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy resistance of esophageal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: implications for pathogenesis and therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor microenvironmental barriers to enhance immunogenic cell death in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a symbiosis between cancer cells and the immune cells. The scarcity of oxygen generates hostility that forces cancer cells to alter their biological features in solid tumors. In response to low oxygen availability, the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF-1/2/3α) act as metabolic mediators, producing extracellular metabolites in the tumor microenvironment that influence the immune cells. The modulation of lactate and adenosine on immune evasion has been widely described; however, under hypoxic conditions, it has been barely addressed. Evidence has demonstrated an interplay between cancer and the immune cells, and the present review explores the findings that support HIFs bridging the gap between the rise of these metabolites and the immunosurveillance failure in a hypoxic context. Moreover, new insights based on systemic oxygen administration are discussed, which might counterbalance the effect mediated by lactate and adenosine, to recover anti-tumor immunity. Thus, the disruption of anti-tumor immunity has been the focus of recent research and this novel avenue opens therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be useful for cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.