SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2025
Comparison of the effectiveness of immersive and non-immersive virtual reality in the treatment of vertigo in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions on Symptom Management in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Technology in Otolaryngology Patient Care Management: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Prospects.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Preliminary Evaluation of the Virtual Reality-Based Gait Sensory Interaction Test (GaitSIT) for Quantifying Sensory Reweighting During Walking Balance.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Personalized Virtual Reality Future Selves Elicit Introspective Brain Activation in Early Substance Use Disorder Recovery.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vertigo is the most common clinical manifestation in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction (PVD), and severe episodes may be accompanied by nystagmus, tinnitus, and hearing loss, which can seriously affect quality of life. Virtual reality (VR) technologies (immersive or non-immersive) play an important role in improving vertigo in patients with PVD, but the comparative effectiveness of VR technologies with different levels of immersion is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of VR technology at different immersion levels in reducing vertigo symptoms in patients with PVD. Method: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL and 4 Chinese databases were systematically searched. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using RevMan 5.4 software, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Stata software. The review process was reported according to PRISMA. Results: Twelve studies involving 600 participants met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that both non-immersive and immersive VR significantly improved vertigo symptoms in patients with PVD; however, the immersive VR intervention demonstrated greater effectiveness (SMD = -2.08, 95% CI = -3.13 to -1.04, Conclusion: Immersive VR has been shown to be more effective in alleviating vertigo symptoms in patients with PVD. Specifically, an immersive VR program that includes an intervention period of ≤7 weeks, a single intervention duration of <30 min, and an intervention frequency of ≥5 times/week is recommended for optimal improvement of vertigo symptoms. Further high-quality, multicenter randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm the findings of this study. Healthcare professionals should focus on the individual differences of elderly patients with PVD and provide personalized VR vestibular rehabilitation programs for optimal rehabilitation outcomes. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42025638469.
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