ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Corticobulbar activity in healthy humans and Parkinson's disease: a study protocol for a novel biomarker of motivational arousal.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The corticobulbar (CB) tract connects the primary motor cortex to oral and facial effectors and may contribute to affective-motivational processes through its interactions with dopaminergic circuits. Prior studies have shown that excitability in the tongue motor cortex (tM1), as well as surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity of submental muscles (SbM), is modulated by hedonic and aversive stimuli. These findings suggest a potential role for the CB system as a physiological interface between motivational states and motor expression. Objectives: This protocol explores whether CB excitability can serve as an indirect marker of motivational arousal in both healthy individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), a condition marked by dopaminergic dysfunction. Methods: Study 1 protocol consists in a virtual reality-based shopping task where healthy adults ( Conclusion: This protocol combines advanced neurophysiological techniques with innovative experimental paradigms to investigate CB tract cortical excitability linkage with reward-related processing. By integrating neurophysiological, behavioral, and pharmacological measures, this protocol aims to clarify whether CB excitability reflects motivational and dopaminergic states. Findings may contribute to identifying non-invasive biomarkers of motivational functioning in both clinical and normative populations.
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