Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40746221›Full record

ArticlePhysiological reports2025

APE1/Ref-1 inhibition via APX3330 lowers monocyte/macrophage infiltration without ameliorating the structure and function of dystrophic mdx hindlimb muscles.

Hannah Lalunio, Craig A Goodman, Nicole Stupka, Nicholas Giourmas, Danielle A Debruin, Lauren Sahakian, Kulmira Nurgali, Alan Hayes

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Physiological reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hannah LalunioDepartment of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Craig A GoodmanAustralian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nicole StupkaDepartment of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nicholas GiourmasAustralian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Danielle A DebruinDepartment of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Lauren SahakianInstitute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Kulmira NurgaliDepartment of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Alan HayesDepartment of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1398-3694

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress exacerbate muscle wasting and weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) regulates transcription factors involved in inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. APE1/Ref-1 is an emerging therapeutic target in inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APX3330, a small molecule inhibitor of APE1's Ref-1 on mdx mouse pathology, a model of DMD. Six-week-old mdx mice and wild type (WT) C57Bl/10 mice were treated with APX3330 (25 mg·kg

Indexed as

DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) LyaseMacrophagesMonocytesMuscle, SkeletalMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneAnimalsBenzoquinonesHindlimbMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred mdxOxidative StressPropionatesApex1 protein, mouseBenzoquinonesDNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) LyaseE 3330Propionatesinflammationmdx mousemuscular dystrophyoxidative stressskeletal muscle

Identifiers

PMID40746221
PMCPMC12314421

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.