Observational studyJournal of foot and ankle research2025
Anthropometric Foot Variations in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Supporting Sex-Based Last Design.
Observational study in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05386992 (Anthropometric and Biomechanical Analysis of the Children's Foot for the Design of Healthy Footwear), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anthropometric and Biomechanical Analysis of the Children's Foot for the Design of Healthy Footwear: ABIP Study
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pediatric foot anthropometry and its correlation with growth assessment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anthropometric Foot Variations in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Supporting Sex-Based Last Design.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionProper shoe fit is essential for healthy foot development in children. Despite growing interest in the ergonomics of pediatric footwear, scientific evidence on sex-based foot morphology remains limited. Current unisex shoe lasts may not adequately accommodate anatomical differences between boys and girls, particularly from mid-childhood onward.
methodsA cross-sectional, observational study was conducted involving 1214 school-aged children (680 boys and 534 girls) between the ages of 1 and 16. Three-dimensional (3D) foot scans were used to obtain detailed anthropometric data, including toe length, ball area, ball perimeter, and metatarsal dimensions. Sex differences were assessed using independent-samples t-tests, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsSignificant sex-based differences were found across several key foot dimensions. Boys exhibited larger ball area (mean right foot: 1021.35 vs. 865.85 mm
conclusionsThis study provides robust anthropometric evidence supporting the need for sex-specific shoe last design in pediatric populations. Incorporating such data into footwear manufacturing could enhance ergonomic fit, improve comfort, and promote healthy motor development in children. Further longitudinal and multicenter research is needed to establish global standards for pediatric footwear.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05386992.
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Registered trials
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