ArticleOrthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)2025
[Bacteriophages for the treatment of musculoskeletal infections-An overview of clinical use, open questions, and legal framework].
Article in Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bacteriophages in Hip and Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Promising Tool in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- [Bacteriophage Therapy in Orthopaedics and Trauma].Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage-Based Control of Methicillin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacteriophages, or simply phages, are viruses that specifically infect and lyse bacteria. As antibiotic resistance becomes a growing global concern, phage therapy is gaining renewed attention as a targeted and effective treatment option. In orthopedics and trauma surgery-disciplines characterized by high rates of chronic and implant-associated infections-phages offer promising new therapeutic avenues, particularly in cases involving multidrug-resistant pathogens or when conventional surgery is limited. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: Originally developed in the early 20th century, phage therapy lost prominence with the rise of antibiotics. Today, case studies and emerging clinical protocols-especially in the context of periprosthetic joint infections-demonstrate the potential of personalized phage cocktails and advanced delivery systems, such as hydrogels or intra-articular injections. Their specificity enables bacterial eradication while sparing the host microbiome. REGULATORY SITUATION: However, the regulatory landscape in the European Union poses significant challenges. Phages are classified as biological medicinal products, requiring comprehensive preclinical and clinical evaluation. While magistral production and compassionate use permit individual applications, broad clinical integration demands standardized protocols, accessible phage libraries, and robust quality control. Furthermore, safety concerns, including immunogenicity and systemic distribution, must be addressed through structured research.
conclusionTo fully realize the potential of phage therapy in orthopaedic infection management, interdisciplinary collaboration, targeted funding, and clinical trials are essential. Responsible implementation within expert centers can ensure efficacy and safety, paving the way for a controlled and evidence-based adoption of phages as a complementary strategy alongside traditional surgical and antibiotic treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.