Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40745218›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2025

Psychometric validation of the 5-item parent attitudes about childhood vaccines survey (PACV-5) in an Italian parental population.

Camilla Elena Magi, Khadija El Aoufy, Stefano Bambi, Alessia Campoli, Yari Longobucco, Emanuele Buccione, Carla Amato, Antonio Bonacaro, Laura Rasero, Paolo Iovino

Abstract readValidation Study
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Camilla Elena MagiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. camillaelena.magi@unifi.it.
Khadija El AoufyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Stefano BambiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Alessia CampoliNursing, Technical, Rehabilitation, Assistance and Research Direction, IRCCS Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri, IFO, Rome, Italy.
Yari LongobuccoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Emanuele BuccionePediatric Intensive Care Unit, Local Health Authority3 Pescara, Pescara, Italy.
Carla AmatoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Antonio BonacaroDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Laura RaseroDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Paolo IovinoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines Survey (PACV-5), a total of 308 parents/legal guardians of children aged 0-18 years completed an anonymous online survey (EUSurvey®). Structural validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity was assessed by correlating PACV-5 scores with health literacy and vaccine confidence measures. Measurement invariance across education levels was tested using the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) approach. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α and Omega coefficient (ω). Precision was assessed through the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). The PACV-5 total score (M = 2.00, SD = 2.36) reflected low vaccine hesitancy. CFA supported a unidimensional structure with good fit indices (RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.99). Convergent validity was confirmed by significant negative correlations between PACV-5 and health literacy (r =  - 0.32 and r =  - 0.25, p < 0.001, respectively), the Vaccine Confidence Index (r =  - 0.60, p < 0.001), and the Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (r =-0.53, p < 0.001). Measurement invariance was confirmed across education levels (less than university degree vs university degree or above). Reliability testing revealed strong internal consistency (ω = 0.81, α = 0.80) and adequate precision (SEM = 1.06, SDC = 2.85).Conclusion: The Italian version of PACV-5 demonstrates robust reliability, validity, measurement invariance, and precision for use in public health contexts. Future research should also assess criterion validity and responsiveness to interventions to enhance vaccine confidence and uptake.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeParentsVaccinationVaccination HesitancyAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHealth LiteracyHumansInfantInfant, NewbornItalyMaleHealth behaviorMeasurement invarianceParentsPsychometricsSurveys and questionnairesVaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID40745218

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.