Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40745103›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Exploring Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Midwestern United States.

Roxanne Alvarado-Torres, Nick Garza, Sheena Helgenberger, Claudia Granillo, Erika Bonnevie

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Roxanne Alvarado-TorresThe Public Good Projects, 5187 College Ave., San Diego, CA, 92115, USA.
Nick GarzaThe Public Good Projects, 5187 College Ave., San Diego, CA, 92115, USA.
Sheena HelgenbergerThe Wellbeing Partners, 6001 Dodge Street, CEC Suite 228, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
Claudia GranilloThe Wellbeing Partners, 6001 Dodge Street, CEC Suite 228, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
Erika BonnevieThe Public Good Projects, 5187 College Ave., San Diego, CA, 92115, USA. erika.bonnevie@publicgoodprojects.org.ORCID 0000-0001-8068-5123

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aims to explore how race and ethnicity influence stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors towards individuals with mental health conditions (MHC) in the Midwestern US.

methodsThe sample consisted of 497 respondents who took part in a survey that was part of the annual evaluation of the WhatMakesUs campaign. An online cross- sectional survey was conducted from January 10th to February 7th, 2024, across four counties in Nebraska and Iowa. The survey assessed sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors related to MHC.

resultsBlack/African American (AA) respondents were more likely to believe that individuals with MHC should not have responsibilities, less likely to think that individuals with MHC desire paid employment, and perceived medication and therapy and counseling as less effective treatments. They also felt less comfortable offering support to others about their MHC compared to non- Black/AA respondents. Conversely, Hispanic/Latino respondents demonstrated a higher likelihood of knowing what advice to give a friend seeking professional help and believed that most individuals with MHC seek help from healthcare professionals. However, they were less likely to believe that anyone can be diagnosed with MHC. They were also more inclined to hide their MHC from family and coworkers or classmates.

conclusionThe findings suggest the need for culturally sensitive, multifaceted interventions to reduce mental health stigma and promote early intervention and effective treatments for diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Indexed as

EthnicityMental DisordersRacial GroupsSocial StigmaStereotypingAdolescentAdultBlack or African AmericanCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedMidwestern United StatesYoung AdultAttitudes toward mental conditionsDigital health campaignsHealth equityMental health inequitiesMental health stigma

Identifiers

PMID40745103

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.