ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2025
More than a leaky gut: how gut priming shapes arthritis.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic-induced loss of gut SCFAs exacerbates alphavirus arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Article
- Innate immune sensor NOD2 promotes cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression by stabilizing TRAF6 in chondrocytes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Intestinal microbiota and arthritis.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and joint diseases: advances in the gut-joint axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms linking intestinal barrier dysfunction to synovial inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- "Gut-Joint Axis" Perspective on Immunometabolic Crosstalk in Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic Insights and Targeted Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Metagenomic characterization of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: taxonomic shifts and clinical correlations.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges in early-stage stratification, non-response to targeted therapy, and the restoration of immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics insights into spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and the microbiome for immunological and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-specific serum IgG links gut and joints through immune-endothelial crosstalk in arthritis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease in ankylosing spondylitis compared to psoriasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Regional Gastrointestinal Permeability Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Window into Subclinical Inflammation and Microbiota-Driven Disease Mechanisms.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeting the role played by microbiota and adaptive immunity within autoimmune disease complexity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiome forms an ecosystem that provides the host with numerous benefits such as digestion with nutrient generation, protection from pathogens and immune system maturation. Alterations in the microbial ecosystem associated with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis have led to the gut-joint hypothesis, which postulates that these ecological changes cause immune dysfunction that contributes to the development of arthritis. Mechanisms by which dysbiosis might trigger arthritis include molecular mimicry, dysregulation of mucosal immunity, microbial translocation, production of immunomodulatory metabolites and immune cell trafficking. We discuss the data supporting each of these mechanisms, and highlight misconceptions, limitations and gaps in knowledge. In particular, we advise against the term 'leaky-gut' as the mechanisms and effects on the immune system of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation are distinct. Nevertheless, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis possibly result from the convergence of multiple pathways that could be unique to subgroups of individuals within these diseases. To move the field forward, each mechanism needs to be considered through the use of model organisms and interventional trials, individually and in concert.
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Registered trials
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