Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40745009›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

The retina as a window into detecting subclinical cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.

Abbas S Alatrany, Kishan Lakhani, Alice C Cowley, Jian L Yeo, Abhishek Dattani, Sarah L Ayton, Aparna Deshpande, Matthew P M Graham-Brown, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti and 10 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Abbas S Alatrany *Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Kishan Lakhani *Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Alice C CowleyDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Jian L YeoDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Abhishek DattaniDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Sarah L AytonDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Aparna DeshpandeDepartment of Imaging Services, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Matthew P M Graham-BrownDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Melanie J DaviesLeicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiLeicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
Thomas YatesLeicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.
Stephanie L SellersCardiovascular Translational Laboratory, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Huiyu ZhouSchool of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Emer M BradyDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Jayanth R ArnoldDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
James DeaneThe University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
Rebecca J McLeanThe University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
Frank A ProudlockThe University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK.
Gerry P McCannDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Gaurav S GulsinDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. gg149@leicester.ac.uk.

Funding

British Heart Foundation AA/18/3/34220National Institute for Health and Care Research RP-2017-08-ST2- 007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are at high risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially detectable through retinal alterations. In this single-centre, prospective cohort study, 255 asymptomatic adults with T2D and no prior history of CVD underwent echocardiography, non-contrast coronary computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Retinal photographs were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy grade and microvascular geometric characteristics using deep learning (DL) tools. Associations with cardiac imaging markers of subclinical CVD were explored. Of the participants (aged 64 ± 7 years, 62% males); 200 (78%) had no diabetic retinopathy and 55 (22%) had mild background retinopathy. Groups were well-matched for age, sex, ethnicity, CV risk factors, urine microalbuminuria, and serum natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin levels. Presence of retinopathy was associated with a greater burden of coronary atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium score ≥ 100; OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.29–5.36; P = 0.008), more concentric left ventricular remodelling (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.50–6.45; P = 0.002), and worse global longitudinal strain (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.18–4.59; P = 0.015), independent of key co-variables. Early diabetic retinopathy is associated with a high burden of coronary atherosclerosis and markers of early heart failure. Routine diabetic eye screening may serve as an effective alternative to currently advocated screening tests for detecting subclinical CVD in T2D, presenting opportunities for earlier detection and intervention.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyRetinaAgedEchocardiographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAtherosclerotic coronary artery diseaseCardiovascular diseaseDiabetic cardiomyopathyDigital retinal photographyHeart failure.Type 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40745009
PMCPMC12314106

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.