Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40744941›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

RSGPT: a generative transformer model for retrosynthesis planning pre-trained on ten billion datapoints.

Yafeng Deng, Xinda Zhao, Hanyu Sun, Yu Chen, Xiaorui Wang, Xi Xue, Liangning Li, Jianfei Song, Chang-Yu Hsieh, Tingjun Hou and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. CLRe: A Synergistic Dual-Engine Framework for One-Step Retrosynthesis Prediction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yafeng Deng *Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-6913
Xinda Zhao *Hangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
Hanyu Sun *State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Yu ChenHangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaorui WangInnovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-2013
Xi XueState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Liangning LiState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9543-206X
Jianfei SongHangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
Chang-Yu HsiehHangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-4218
Tingjun HouHangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-2580
Xiandao PanState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Taghrid Saad AlomarDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Xiangyang JiDepartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. xyji@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-9975
Xiaojian WangHangzhou Carbonsilicon AI Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China. wangxiaojian@imm.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-8820

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) NSFC no.82373718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retrosynthesis planning is a crucial task in organic synthesis, and deep-learning methods have enhanced and accelerated this process. With the advancement of the emergence of large language models, the demand for data is rapidly increasing. However, available retrosynthesis data are limited to only millions. Therefore, we pioneer the utilization of the template-based algorithm to generate chemical reaction data, resulting in the production of over 10 billion reaction datapoints. A generative pretrained transformer model is subsequently developed for template-free retrosynthesis planning by pre-training on 10 billion generated data. Inspired by the strategies of large language models, we introduce reinforcement learning to capture the relationships among products, reactants, and templates more accurately. Experiments demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the benchmark, with a Top-1 accuracy of 63.4%, substantially outperforming previous models.

Identifiers

PMID40744941
PMCPMC12314115

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.