Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40744415›Full record

Observational studyThe American journal of clinical nutrition2025

Dietary patterns and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias across 5 racial and ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Song-Yi Park, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Eileen M Crimmins, Lon R White, Christopher A Haiman, Lynne R Wilkens, Loïc Le Marchand, Unhee Lim

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Nutrition as a systems regulator of brain aging trajectories.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Song-Yi ParkPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States. Electronic address: spark@cc.hawaii.edu.
Veronica Wendy SetiawanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Eileen M CrimminsLeonard Davis School of Gerontology, Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Lon R WhitePacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Lynne R WilkensPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Loïc Le MarchandPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Unhee LimPopulation Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.

Funding

Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
Prospective Associations of Diet and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Five Racial and Ethnic PopulationsR03AG081824 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI PARK, SONG-YI · 2023 to 2023
$175k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NIA NIH HHS R03 AG081824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealthier dietary patterns have been linked to a lower risk of dementia, but data from diverse racial and ethnic populations are limited, particularly to support dietary improvement in older adults.

objectivesWe examined dietary patterns in relation to late-onset Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk across 5 racial and ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

methodsParticipants were scored for 4 predefined dietary pattern indices based on their food frequency questionnaire responses at baseline (45-75 y) and at a 10-y follow-up: the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. Associations between dietary patterns and ADRD were examined using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsAmong 92,849 participants with 21,478 cases, higher baseline scores of the 4 dietary patterns were associated with 4%‒9% lower ADRD risk (for aMED, HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.95; for DASH, HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.01; for HEI-2015, HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98; for MIND, HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96) over the follow-up, with stronger associations observed in African American, Latino, and White participants than in Japanese American and Native Hawaiian participants. Dietary improvement over 10 y was associated with 11%‒25% lower risk across the 4 indices in a subset of 45,065 participants with 8360 cases, with similar racial and ethnic differences as observed for baseline diet, but consistently for younger (<60 y at baseline) and older age groups.

conclusionsHealthy dietary patterns in mid- to late-life and improvement in older age were associated with a reduced risk of ADRD in a diverse population. The racial and ethnic heterogeneity in the relationships observed warrants further study.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDementiaDietEthnicityRacial GroupsAgedCohort StudiesDietary Approaches To Stop HypertensionDiet, MediterraneanFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsAlzheimer’s diseasedementiadietary patternslongitudinal analysisracial and ethnic disparities

Identifiers

PMID40744415
PMCPMC12396844

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.