ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025
Labeling of Cannabis Products From Licensed and Unlicensed Retailers in New York.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cannabis Legalization and Cannabis Use Disorder by Sex in Veterans Health Administration Patients, 2005-2019.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Concurrent availability of cannabinoid and tobacco products in licensed tobacco retailers in three U.S. cities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCannabis product labels shape consumers' perceptions of risks and benefits and can be leveraged to reduce high-risk cannabis use in legalized markets. Although prior research has identified features of labels that might modify risk, no prior research has compared labeling practices of licensed with those of unlicensed products in legalized markets.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, cannabis products (n=88, including 58 flower and 30 vape) were obtained from randomly selected licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in New York in October-November 2023. Product labels were coded in 2024 across 4 categories: essential information (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol potency, use-by date), safety features (e.g., health warnings), youth-appealing elements (e.g., cartoons, multiple bright colors), and other product descriptors/imagery; composite measures were compared by licensing status.
resultsUnlicensed products had significantly less essential information (mean=2.20 vs 4.89 of 6 elements, p<0.001), fewer safety features (mean=2.22 vs 4.29 of 6, p<0.001), and more youth-appealing elements (mean=2.58 vs 1.60 of 7, p<0.01) than licensed products. Unlicensed products often had universal symbols from other states and edible-specific warnings incorrectly applied on nonedibles.
conclusionsAs recreational cannabis was legalized in New York, both licensed and unlicensed stores emerged. Whereas licensed products largely comply with state regulations, unlicensed products are less likely to provide basic information to enable consumers to make lower-risk consumption decisions, more appealing to youth, and more likely to include erroneous or misplaced information.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.