Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40743800›Full record

ArticleInfant behavior & development2025

Development and validation of the motor measures in the NIH Baby Toolbox®.

Karen E Adolph, Whitney G Cole, Miriam A Novack, Y Catherine Han, Aaron J Kaat, Jaya Rachwani, Jane Clark, Stacie Dusing, Jill Heathcock, Laura A Prosser and 3 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infant behavior & development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. NIH Baby Toolbox® methodology and norms development.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Composite scores for the NIH Baby Toolbox®.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Karen E AdolphNew York University, United States. Electronic address: karen.adolph@nyu.edu.
Whitney G ColeNew York University, United States.
Miriam A NovackNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
Y Catherine HanNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
Aaron J KaatNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
Jaya RachwaniHunter College, CUNY, United States.
Jane ClarkUniversity of Maryland, United States.
Stacie DusingUniversity of Southern California, United States.
Jill HeathcockOhio State University, United States.
Laura A ProsserChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States.
Jeffrey J LockmanUniversity of Texas, United States.
Jill WhitallUniversity of Maryland, United States.
Richard C GershonNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.

Funding

TASK ORDER 5: MAKE READY THE NIH BABY TOOLBOX FOR END USERS: FINALIZE ALL PARTICIPANT-LEVEL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSES, AND DISSEMINATION75N94019D00005 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GERSHON, RICHARD · 2019 to 2024
$12.7M
Flexibility of Learning in Infant Skill AcquisitionR01HD033486 · NICHD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI ADOLPH, KAREN E · 2001 to 2023
$4.5M
NICHD NIH HHS 75N94019D00005NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD033486
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motor skill is foundational for early development and an important indicator of whether children's development is on track. The NIH "Baby" Toolbox®, an iPad-based app designed for broad use by nonexperts, includes measures to assess motor skill in children aged 16 days to 42 months. The measures use direct observation in functional, everyday, child-friendly tasks-reaching to eat and getting up to go to a caregiver-to assess children's manual, postural, and locomotor skills. Administration and scoring uniquely capitalize on the video capabilities of the iPad to allow instantaneous review of fast, subtle movements and comparison to standard exemplar illustrations. Moreover, videos can be exported for later analysis and reuse. A large-scale norming study (N = 2353; 1921 English-speaking, 432 Spanish-speaking) verified the reliability and validity of the Reach to Eat and Get Up and Go measures. An additional supplementary measure, Sit and Stand, is designed to assess stationary postural control, akin to the Standing Balance measure in the NIH Toolbox for older children and adults. Findings support the Baby Toolbox as a reliable, valid, scalable assessment instrument for infant and toddler fine and gross motor skill.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentMobile ApplicationsMotor SkillsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Postural BalanceReproducibility of ResultsUnited StatesLocomotionManual skillMotor developmentMotor planningPostural transitionsTool use

Identifiers

PMID40743800
PMCPMC12744765

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.