Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40742688›Full record

SynthesisPsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2026

Operationalizing psychological trauma in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Helena J V Rutherford, Kathryn M Wall, Lindsey Wallace Goldman, Jin Young Shin, Eloise H Novak, Amanda Lowell, Francesca Penner, Michèle J Day, Lea Papa, Drew Wright and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Global variation in the assessment of psychological trauma in pregnancy.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Helena J V RutherfordYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.ORCID 0000-0001-8680-1535
Kathryn M WallYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Lindsey Wallace GoldmanWeill Cornell Medicine.
Jin Young ShinYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Eloise H NovakYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Amanda LowellYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Francesca PennerYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Michèle J DayYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Lea PapaYale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine.
Drew WrightWeill Cornell Medicine.
Soudabeh GivradWeill Cornell Medicine.

Funding

Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (INP)T32NS041228 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Charles A Greer, Marina R Picciotto · 2001 to 2026
$12.0M
Psychosocial and neurobiological stress and opioid use trajectories following pregnancyR01DA050636 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI RUTHERFORD, HELENA JV, YIP, SARAH · 2020 to 2024
$2.8M
Neural mechanisms of psychological risk on mother and infant adjustment in African American and European American familiesR01HD108218 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Ashley Marie Groh, Helena JV Rutherford · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
Investigating the role of substance use exposure and maternal psychological risk on child neural and behavioral assessments of executive functioningF31DA059248 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI FUNARO, KATHRYN MARY WALL · 2023 to 2025
$116k
Effects of maternal opioid use disorder on neural and behavioral indicators of caregivingF32DA055389 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI PENNER, FRANCESCA · 2022 to 2022
$65k
Alkermes, Inc.NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD108218NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA059248NIDA NIH HHS F32 DA055389NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA050636NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHS T32 NS041228
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePsychological trauma can affect health and well-being across the lifespan but may be significantly impactful, with intergenerational consequences, during pregnancy. However, there appears to be no uniform agreement on the operationalization of psychological trauma in pregnancy. Such agreement is critical for the translation of research findings into clinical care. The purpose of this article was to provide narrative insight into the characterization of psychological trauma during pregnancy.

methodA systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches were completed between July 2021 and September 2023 using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and Cochrane. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, relevant full-text articles, and extracted data.

resultsFive hundred seventy-six studies were identified that examined psychological trauma during pregnancy. Most assessments of psychological trauma used differing questionnaire-based approaches (79.7%), with variability in the timing of assessments administered and the type of psychological trauma measured. Only 15.8% of studies examined pregnancy-specific psychological trauma. Finally, just 24% of studies evidenced a comprehensive assessment of psychological trauma, with only 28.8% of studies assessing posttraumatic stress disorder.

conclusionsFindings indicate significant variability in the conceptualization of psychological trauma during pregnancy. A more comprehensive assessment of psychological trauma beginning in the first trimester and repeated across the prenatal period is needed. Such an approach will be critical to the implementation of trauma-informed care to optimize the health and well-being of pregnant women and other perinatal individuals and their developing child and family. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Pregnancy ComplicationsPsychological TraumaFemaleHumansPregnancyStress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Identifiers

PMID40742688
PMCPMC12490802

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.