ArticlePsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2026
Exploring the relationship between changes in negative posttrauma cognitions and pain intensity in veterans undergoing intensive treatment.
Article in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study examined whether improvements in posttrauma cognitions during intensive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment were associated with reduced pain intensity in veterans.
methodParticipants included 497 veterans with PTSD enrolled in a 2-week intensive PTSD treatment program. Pain intensity and posttrauma cognitions were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and posttreatment. Ordinal logistic mixed effects models analyzed the association between changes in posttrauma cognitions and pain intensity, with military sexual trauma (MST) status as a potential moderator. A sensitivity analysis examined whether these associations remained after accounting for PTSD symptom change.
resultsReductions in posttrauma cognitions were significantly associated with decreases in average (
conclusionsImprovements in posttrauma cognitions were initially linked to reduced pain intensity, suggesting that trauma-focused interventions targeting negative appraisals may support pain relief. However, sensitivity analysis indicated that these effects may be accounted for by overall PTSD symptom improvement. Further studies should clarify the distinct and overlapping contributions of cognitive and symptom change in pain outcomes in veterans with co-occurring PTSD and pain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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