ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025
Association between serum lactoferrin concentrations and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLactoferrin (Lf) expression is upregulated in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as an early, pre-clinical stage of AD. However, the association between serum Lf and MCI remains unclear.
methodA cross-sectional study was performed to examine the association between serum Lf and the prevalence of MCI in Chinese adults aged ≥ 40 years. Lf concentrations in serum were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCI was diagnosed according to the Chinese version of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MCI by quartiles of serum Lf concentrations were estimated using logistic regression. A dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, weight status, and the presence of diabetes or hypertension, with interaction effects tested.
resultsAmong 1,531 participants (mean age of 59.16 ± 6.35 years), 214 (13.98%) had MCI. The participants with MCI exhibited lower serum Lf concentrations than those without MCI (1.19 ± 0.67 µg/mL vs. 1.49 ± 0.75 µg/mL, P < 0.001). The MCI prevalence was decreased across ascending quartiles of serum Lf. Compared with the lowest quartile of serum Lf, the multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for MCI prevalence were 0.83 (0.57–1.21), 0.45 (0.29–0.68), and 0.30 (0.19–0.49) with a significant trend (P for trend < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed an inverted J-shape curve (p for overall < 0.001, p for nonlinear = 0.003). The inverse association persisted regardless of age, gender, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension (all P for trend ≤ 0.01). By weight status, the inverse association was observed in participants with normal weight and overweight (P for trend = 0.002 and < 0.001), but not in those with obesity (P for trend = 0.602). Test of interaction effects indicated that MCI risk decreased more significantly in participants with diabetes than those without diabetes (P for interaction < 0.001).
conclusionsSerum Lf was inversely associated with the prevalence of MCI. This association was not observed in participants with obesity, and was more pronounced in those with diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40742455What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.