Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40741905›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of cancer2026

Developing evidence-based cancer prevention recommendations: Methodology of the World Code Against Cancer Framework to create region-specific codes.

Carolina Espina, David Ritchie, Ariadna Feliu, Carlos Canelo-Aybar, Erica D'Souza, Panagiota N Mitrou, Andre L Carvalho, Joachim Schüz, Hajo Zeeb

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Carolina EspinaEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-4687
David RitchieEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Ariadna FeliuEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Carlos Canelo-AybarDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Erica D'SouzaEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Panagiota N MitrouWorld Cancer Research Fund International, London, UK.
Andre L CarvalhoEarly Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Joachim SchüzEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Hajo ZeebEnvironment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prevention offers the greatest public health potential and the most cost-effective long-term cancer control strategy. Authoritative, clear, evidence-based, and region-specific recommendations to actively contribute to cancer prevention are extremely valuable for the public, health professionals, advocates, and policymakers worldwide. The World Code Against Cancer Framework offers a two-level hierarchy mechanism to systematically review and synthesize the latest scientific insights, while assessing the epidemiological, socioeconomic, cultural conditions, and health systems context of a given region of the world, to inform decision-making at the individual and system levels, implemented through Regional Codes Against Cancer. In this manuscript, we describe the rigorous methodology established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, consisting of a step-by-step decision-making algorithm to develop region-specific Codes Against Cancer. These comprehensive evidence-based tools on cancer prevention aim to transfer the latest evidence from etiological research and preventive interventions into actionable information for the population and for policymakers.

Indexed as

Evidence-Based MedicineNeoplasmsAlgorithmsGlobal HealthHumanscancer preventionCode Against Cancerevidence‐based recommendationsevidence‐informed decision‐makingframework development

Identifiers

PMID40741905
PMCPMC12588551

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.