ArticleTzu chi medical journal
Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure of coronavirus disease 2019.
Article in Tzu chi medical journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The inflammation-immunosuppression loop as a driver of immune dysfunction and secondary infections in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the study is to understand the prevalence of bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in a tertiary hospital intensive care unit (ICU), the spectrum of pathogens, and the impact of these infections on clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with COVID-19 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure who were admitted to the ICU requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) from January 2021 to August 2022. Results: Of the 123 cases, 59.3% had culture-confirmed bacterial co-infection, mostly lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Patients with bacterial co-infection had higher 30-day mortality (28.8% vs. 12%, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.96, %95 confidence interval [CI] =1.1-7.99; adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.34, %95 CI = 0.43-4.17). Conclusion: The high incidence of bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19 might associated with increased mortality. Infection by drug-resistant pathogens may develop during the treatment course.
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Registered trials
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