ReviewJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health2025
Sex Bias in Autoimmunity: New Findings and New Opportunities.
Review in JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbiota restructured by social isolation: Evidence for sex-specific response patterns.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Early control or gradual relief? Gender-specific real-world insights into omalizumab response in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases result from the immune system's inability to discriminate between self and foreign antigens, leading to development of self-reactive immune cells and autoantibodies that can cause organ damage and failure. It has long been known that many autoimmune diseases are more common in females. Although much progress has been made over the years, the exact mechanisms for this sex bias are not yet fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview and update on how chromosomes, genes, sex hormones (including gender-affirming hormone therapy), immunometabolism, and the skin can play a role in sex-biased autoimmunity. We also identify gaps in our understanding that require additional research. In an era of increased development of personalized medicine, a thorough understanding of sex bias in autoimmunity may facilitate the development of much-needed targeted therapeutics, thereby reducing the risks of broader immunosuppression and adverse effects that lead to premature termination of treatment by patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.