ReviewBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2025
Risk factors, protective factors, peripheral biomarkers, and neurocognitive markers associated with mood disorders: An umbrella review of 103 meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
Review in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), are extensively studied regarding environmental risk factors, protective factors, peripheral biomarkers, and cognitive neurocognitive markers. Our umbrella review of observational studies aims to separately elucidate these associations with BD and MDD. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted, with a search end date of October 17, 2024. We included systematic reviews that provided meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations of potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, peripheral biomarkers and neurocognitive markers with mood disorder. We synthesized data using summary effect estimates (e.g., odds ratio [OR], relative risk [RR]), evaluated quality with AMSTAR 2. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023439581). Results: Identified 103 articles from 2782 initially screened. In depression, we identified 95 risk factors, 18 protective factors, 19 biomarkers, and 10 neurocognitive markers. For MDD, evidence of association was convincing (class I) history of mental illness (OR 6.77, 95 %CI 5.07-9.04), perinatal domestic violence exposure (OR 3.14, 95 %CI 2.74-3.61), and Mediterranean diet adherence (OR 0.87, 95 %CI 0.84-0.91). For BD, evidence of association was suggestive (class Ⅲ) for cannabis use (OR 2.97, 95 %CI 1.80-4.90), obesity (OR 1.77, 95 %CI 1.40-2.23) were prominent risk factors. The evidence levels of biomarkers and cognitive neuro-markers for BD and MDD are at suggestive (class Ⅲ) or below. Conclusion: This review highlights the complexity of the interrelationship between mood disorders and numerous risk and protective factors. However, the reviewed associations are not necessarily causal. Future research should prioritize prospective high-quality studies to establish causality and thus facilitate the development of targeted interventions and preventive measures for mood disorders.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.