ArticleOsteoarthritis and cartilage open2025
Increased synovitis and pro-inflammatory macrophage abundance are observed in the synovia of patients at risk of developing post-traumatic OA compared to those with established OA.
Article in Osteoarthritis and cartilage open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Mechano-immune interactions in musculoskeletal aging: Mechanisms and translational perspectives.Theranostics · 2026Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Inflammation of the synovium (synovitis) is implicated in the onset, progression and clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA), although its prevalence at different stages of the disease has yet to be definitively established. Synovial macrophages play a central role in synovitis and can demonstrate pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The pervasiveness and variation in phenotypic identity of macrophages in early- and late-OA synovia is unclear. In the present study we investigated the frequency and severity of synovitis and assessed macrophage phenotypes in synovia from patients with high risk of developing PTOA (deemed early-OA) or late-OA. Design: Synovial samples were collected from patients undergoing cell therapy treatment for early-OA or arthroplasty for late-OA. Synovitis was assessed using a semi-quantitative, histological scoring system. Macrophage abundance and phenotypic characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Study parameters were compared between the early- and late-OA groups and correlated with demographic and clinical information. Results: Synovitis was more prevalent and generally more severe in early-OA synovia compared to late-OA synovia (effect size; d = 0.76). There were more macrophages overall (d = 1.04), with more demonstrating markers characteristic of a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype (d = 0.86), in the early-OA cohort. Synovitis severity was significantly correlated with the total number of macrophages (ρ = 0.47), and with the presence of both M1 (ρ = 0.65) and M2 (ρ = 0.49) macrophage markers (M2 typically considered to indicate an anti-inflammatory or wound-healing phenotype). Conclusions: Our data suggest that synovial inflammation may play a greater role in the early stages of OA than in end-stage disease, and is at least partly mediated by synovial macrophages.
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