ArticleFrontiers in biomaterials science2024
Macrophage variance: investigating how macrophage origin influences responses to soluble and physical cues with immortalized vs. primary cells in 2D and 3D culture.
Article in Frontiers in biomaterials science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morpho-functional plasticity of tumour-associated macrophages: linking cell shape, ultrastructure, and immune regulation in cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Weight-Driven Tunable Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Modulate Immune Polarization in Three-Dimensional Microenvironments.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- High-throughput bioprinted 3D cultures for probing host-pathogen interactions in bioinspired microenvironments.RSC applied polymers · 2026Article
- Engineering macrophages for cancer immunotherapy: emerging insights and therapeutic potential.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Chronic Cholesterol Exposure Disrupts Macrophage Polarization and Cytokine Secretion in a 3D Microenvironment.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Bisphosphonates loaded nanoparticles in microparticles: a potential macrophage targeting and repolarizing drug delivery system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Proteomic and morphologic characterization of ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Macrophage Subtypes Distinctly Impact Intervertebral Disc Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Composition.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Pulmonary Immune Engineering.Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic innate immune cells capable of phenotypical switching in response to the local microenvironment. Studies often use either primary macrophages or immortalized cell lines for hypothesis testing, therapeutic assessment, and biomaterial evaluation without carefully considering the potential effects of cell source and tissue of origin, which strongly influence macrophage response. Surprisingly, limited information is available about how, under similar stimuli, immortalized cell lines and primary cells respond in both phenotypical and functional changes. To address this need, in this work, we cultured immortalized macrophage cell lines derived from different origins (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.