ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Topographic associations of hyperreflective materials in diabetic retinopathy: a multimodal correlation with microvascular pathology, structural remodeling and systemic metabolic dysregulation.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Phenotype-driven management of diabetic macular edema: multimodal imaging biomarkers and individualized therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hyperreflective materials (HRMs), enigmatic biomarkers observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR), exhibit poorly characterized pathophysiological origins and clinical implications. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study investigates the spatial distribution patterns of HRMs subtypes and their integrative relationships with retinal microvascular architecture, structural remodeling, and systemic metabolic parameters in 205 DR eyes. HRMs were systematically classified via multimodal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis, incorporating topographic localization (inner vs. outer retinal), reflectivity profiles, morphometric dimensions, posterior shadowing artifacts, and decorrelation signal. Quantitative correlations were established between HRMs subtypes and OCTA-derived vascular parameters (intraretinal microvascular abnormalities [IRMA], non-perfusion [NP] areas, microaneurysms), diabetic macular edema (DME) status, and systemic metabolic indices (glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, inflammatory markers). Results: Six distinct HRMs phenotypes were identified: inner retinal hyperreflective spots (IRHFs), outer retinal hyperreflective spots (ORHFs), intraretinal hard exudates (IRHE), outer retinal hard exudates (ORHE), decorrelation-positive HRMs, and cotton-wool spots. Spatial mapping revealed predominant HRMs colocalization with IRMA territories (75.4% IRHFs, 89.5% ORHFs, 90.8% IRHE, 94% ORHE), while 19% of IRHFs and 8.7% of ORHFs overlapped NP zones. Decorrelation-positive HRMs demonstrated dual associations with IRMA (77.6%) and microaneurysms (21.0%). DME eyes exhibited significantly elevated HRMs density within IRMA and NP regions ( Conclusions: These findings establish HRMs as spatially resolved biomarkers of diabetic retinal pathophysiology, reflecting compartment specific interactions between microvascular incompetence (IRMA-associated barrier failure), ischemic remodeling (NP zones), and systemic metabolic dysregulation. The colocalization of HRMs subtypes with IRMA walls and leakage-prone microaneurysms supports their putative role as optical signatures of lipoprotein extravasation and inflammatory lipidotoxicity in DR progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.