ArticleNeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics2025
Socioeconomic status and economic hardship attenuated the associations between early tobacco or nicotine use and brain outcomes in preadolescent children.
Article in NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Early tobacco use (before age 11) is linked to poorer cognition and reduced cortical surface area and volume in young adolescents. This study examined how socioeconomic status (SES) factors - parental education, household income, and economic hardships - influenced these associations. Methods: Using baseline (N=11,876) and year 3 (N=10,414) datasets from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we assessed the impact of baseline tobacco/nicotine use initiation on cognitive scores, cortical volume, thickness, and surface area across the entire cohort and in propensity-matched subgroups. Linear mixed effects models controlled for SES and other covariates, with multiple comparison correction. Analyses were cross-sectional at baseline and longitudinal with both timepoints. Results: Compared to non-users (N=11,240), early users (N=110) had more advanced pubertal development (p=0.003) and economic hardships (p<0.001), but fewer girls (p=0.04), Hispanics (p=0.02), parents with graduate degrees (p<0.001) and high-income families >$100 K (p=p<0.001). Relative to non-users, early users had poorer cognitive scores (Cohen's Conclusions: Adjusting for SES eliminated the negative impact of early tobacco/nicotine use on cognition and reduced its effect on brain surface area, underscoring the importance of SES in morphometry studies.
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