Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40740485›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit differential Fc effector functions.

Nelia P Manamela, Boitumelo M Motsoeneng, Holly Spencer, Tandile Hermanus, Nonkululeko Mzindle, Frances Ayres, Zanele Makhado, Rudolph Serage, Glenda G Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker and 3 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04444674 phase1 / phase2unknown statusnot on this map

An Adaptive Phase I/II Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Non-replicating ChAdOx1 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in South African Adults Living Without HIV; and Safety and Immunogenicity in Adults Living With HIV

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OxfordRan2020 to 2021Enrolled2,130ConditionsCoronavirusArmsChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Normal saline 0.9%
NCT04838795 phase3completednot on this map

Open-label, Single-arm Phase 3B Implementation Study to Monitor the Effectiveness of the Single-dose Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccine Among Health Care Workers in South Africa (VAC31518COV3012)

TypeinterventionalSponsorWits Health Consortium (Pty) LtdRan2021 to 2022Enrolled477,102ConditionsSARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)ArmsTo monitor the effectiveness of the single dose Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Nelia P ManamelaSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Boitumelo M MotsoenengSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Holly SpencerSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Tandile HermanusSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nonkululeko MzindleSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Frances AyresSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Zanele MakhadoSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Rudolph SerageSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Glenda G GrayThe South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Linda-Gail BekkerInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Shabir A MadhiSouth African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Penny L MooreSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Simone I RichardsonSouth African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In addition to neutralization, Fc effector function contributes to vaccine-mediated protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, differential coordination and cross-reactivity of Fc effector functions across vaccines is not clearly defined. A secondary analysis of three vaccines with BNT162b2, Ad26.CoV2.S (NCT04838795), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (NCT04444674) reveals that BNT162b2 elicits the highest levels of binding, neutralization, and Fc effector function with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement deposition (ADCD) significantly differing by vaccine modality. Ad26.CoV2.S showed low ADCD activity before a homologous boost, which significantly increased this function. BNT162b2 vaccination triggered higher levels of cross-reactive neutralization, ADCC and ADCP than the adenoviral vaccines, while ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 exhibited higher ADCD cross-reactivity. Coordination between functions all varied by modality, with vaccination eliciting neutralization and binding correlations with ADCC for BNT162b2, but with ADCD following Ad26.CoV2.S vaccination. This supports the optimization of Fc effector functions for improved polyfunctional vaccine design.

Indexed as

Clinical microbiologyImmune responseVirology

Identifiers

PMID40740485
PMCPMC12309960

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.