Incidence and risk factors of active carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae surveillance in hematology patients: a propensity score matching study.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections pose a significant threat to hematological patients, contributing to high mortality rates. This retrospective study evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes associated with active CRE surveillance in the hematology department. Methods: The study identified 23,832 hematological patients between 2019 and 2021. Propensity score matching was used to align underlying diseases and admission times in a 1:1:1 ratio across three groups: detected CRE, undetected CRE, and non-active CRE surveillance. The positivity rate of active CRE surveillance was 2.1% (141/6,735), with an incidence of 4.8% (85/1,789) among patients who underwent active CRE surveillance. Results: The distribution of the 141 isolates was as follows: Discussion: The incidence of CRE infection was notably higher in the detected CRE group. Our study provides real-world evidence on the role of active CRE surveillance in survival outcomes, especially in regions like China, where CRE infections are highly prevalent. The findings suggest that active CRE surveillance could serve as an early indicator of 90-day mortality in hematology patients and should be considered for routine implementation in this population.