Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40739622›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2025

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux in benign gallbladder diseases.

Yukai Xiang, Chen Qiu, Hai Hu, Jingli Cai, Gang Zhao, Anhua Huang, Anan Xu, Chuanqi He, Cheng Zhang, Yulong Yang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yukai XiangCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Chen QiuCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Hai HuCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Jingli CaiCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Gang ZhaoCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Anhua HuangCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Anan XuCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Chuanqi HeCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Cheng ZhangCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yulong YangCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. yyl516@tongji.edu.cn.
Zhaoyan JiangCenter of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. jiangzhaoyan@tongji.edu.cn.

Funding

Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District PWYts2021-06Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission PWZzk2022-17Shanghai East Hospital Clinical Research Project DFLC2022019Shanghai East Hospital Research Initiation Fund DFRC2018014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR) in benign gallbladder diseases, including gallbladder stone (GS), gallbladder polyp (GP), and gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GA).

methodsWe studied 578 patients with a normal pancreaticobiliary junction undergoing surgery for gallbladder diseases between December 2020 and January 2022. Of these, 80 patients had elevated bile amylase levels (> 110U/L) and were classified as OPBR patients; 498 comprised the control group. Patients fell into four groups: Group A (GA), Group B (GS alone), Group C (GS and GP), and Group D (GP alone).

resultsOPBR occurred in 16.2% of GS cases, 7.2% of GP cases, and 20.3% of GA cases. Patients with OPBR were typically older and more likely to have GS but less likely to have GP. In GS patients, OPBR incidence correlated with stone size, peaking at 48% in cases of gallbladder sludge (< 3 mm). OPBR incidence was highest in Group A (20.3%), followed by Group B (16.6%), Group C (8.9%), and Group D (4.8%). Patients over 50 and those in Groups A and B faced higher OPBR risk. In Group A, gallbladder sludge and hyper-gamma-glutamyltransferase were risk factors, while in Group B, gallbladder sludge and age over 50 were risk factors. No specific features associated with OPBR were found in Groups C and D.

conclusionIn conclusion, GP isn't associated with OPBR, irrespective of GS presence. However, in GS alone or GA patients, gallbladder sludge should raise OPBR concerns, necessitating tailored clinical attention.

Indexed as

Bile RefluxGallbladder DiseasesAdultAgedAmylasesBileFemaleGallstonesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPolypsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAmylasesGallbladder adenomyomatosisGallbladder polypGallbladder sludgeGallbladder stoneOccult pancreaticobiliary reflux

Identifiers

PMID40739622
PMCPMC12309213

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.