Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40739525›Full record

ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2025

Social support and mental health among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: A latent class analysis using the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.

Joemer C Maravilla, Shoshanna L Fine, Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Sally Atieno Odunga, Vinh Duc Nguyen, Harvey A Whiteford, David Lawrence and 2 more

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Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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4citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Joemer C MaravillaSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia. j.maravilla@uq.edu.au.
Shoshanna L FineDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Astha RamaiyaDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mengmeng LiDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Yohannes Dibaba WadoAfrican Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Amirah Ellyza WahdiSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Sally Atieno OdungaAfrican Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vinh Duc NguyenInstitute of Sociology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Harvey A WhitefordSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
David LawrenceSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
James G ScottQueensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.
Holly E ErskineSchool of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.

Funding

The University of Queensland in America (TUQIA) Through support from Pivotal Ventures, a Melinda French Gates company
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a lack of country-level evidence for the association between social support and adolescent mental health while existing studies vary greatly in how they account for the interplay of multiple sources of social support.

methodsThis study utilised data from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Patterns of social support among adolescents in each country were assessed using a latent class analysis. The association between the identified social support classes and any mental disorder, suicidal ideation, and self-harm in the past 12 months was assessed using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method, adjusted for demographic characteristics and caregiver mental health. All estimates were weighted to the respective country's population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsThree latent social support classes were consistently identified in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Caregiver-focussed support, Other support, and Limited support. The Caregiver-focussed support class had the highest proportion of adolescents in all three countries (Kenya: 65.3%, 95% CI: 63.0-67.5; Indonesia: 54.0%, 95% CI: 50.4-57.6; Vietnam: 81.6%, 95% CI: 79.0-84.1), although the proportions varied significantly by country. Adolescents in the Caregiver-focussed support class had significantly lower odds of any mental disorder (Kenya: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.38; Indonesia: aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17-0.31; Vietnam: aOR: 0.39, 95 CI%: 0.26-0.57), suicidal ideation (Kenya: aOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19; Indonesia: aOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29; Vietnam: aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76) and self-harm (Kenya aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.13; Indonesia aOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.47 and Vietnam aOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09-0.27) compared to the Limited support class. Adolescents belonging to the Other support class also demonstrated lower odds of these outcomes than those in the Limited support class.

conclusionsThe association between social support and poor mental health indicates the critical role of primary caregivers, other family members, and peers in adolescent mental health. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions that leverage an adolescent's existing support networks.

Indexed as

AdolescentsIndonesiaKenyaLatent class analysisMental healthParentsPeersPrimary caregiverSelf-harmSocial networkSocial supportSuicidal ideationVietnam

Identifiers

PMID40739525
PMCPMC12312257

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.