ArticleMalaria journal2025
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites harbouring chloroquine-resistant but not artemisinin-resistant alleles in Busia County, Western Kenya.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Incidence of kelch13 and Pfmdr1 gene mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Genomic profiling of drug resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum samples from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2017) and Tanzania (2020-2021).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Persistent and CirculatingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe recent emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites harbouring kelch 13 mutations associated with artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) in sub-Saharan Africa is a major concern. Regular molecular epidemiological surveys are recommended to monitor the level of mutant parasites associated with drug resistance.
objectiveTo analyse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P. falciparum genes associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs in blood samples collected from malaria patients prior to treatment in Busia County, Western Kenya, using a highly multiplexed deep amplicon sequencing protocol.
methodsParasite DNA was extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) collected from patients attending health facilities along the Kenya-Uganda border, in Busia County. A highly multiplexed deep amplicon sequencing protocol was applied to analyze SNPs in genes associated with antimalarial drugs resistance.
resultsOut of 118 analysed samples, Pfkelch13 mutations were identified in 6 (5.1%) samples. All the six samples harboured A578S, one of the most frequently detected Pfkelch13 mutations in Africa, which does not confer ART-R. The data also indicated that 11% (13) of the samples had mutant Pfcrt alleles, with 62% harbouring the triple mutant haplotype, CVIET. In contrast, 98% of the samples had dhfr mutations at positions N51I, C59R, or S108N alleles. All the samples carried mutations in the dhps gene with a high prevalence of the single A437G mutation (84%) and a lower frequency of double or triple mutations. Further analysis revealed absence of deletions in the Pfhrp2, with no mutations at Pfmdr1 codons 86 or 1246, both of which are associated with chloroquine resistance.
conclusionThese findings show absence of validated Pfkelch13 markers associated with ART-R in Busia County, Western Kenya. Although chloroquine-sensitive (wild-type) parasites are widely circulating, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-sensitive parasites remain rare. Continued large scale genomic surveillance studies are essential to detect emerging resistance and guide malaria treatment strategies in the region.
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