Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40739461›Full record

ArticlePsychometrika2025

Explaining Person-by-Item Responses using Person- and Item-Level Predictors via Random Forests and Interpretable Machine Learning in Explanatory Item Response Models.

Sun-Joo Cho, Goodwin Amanda, Jorge Salas, Sophia Mueller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychometrika, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sun-Joo Chohttps://ror.org/02vm5rt34Vanderbilt University's Peabody College, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-8305
Goodwin Amandahttps://ror.org/02vm5rt34Vanderbilt University's Peabody College, United States.
Jorge Salashttps://ror.org/02vm5rt34Vanderbilt University's Peabody College, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-0813
Sophia Muellerhttps://ror.org/02vm5rt34Vanderbilt University's Peabody College, United States.

Funding

Institute of Education Sciences R305A210347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study incorporates a random forest (RF) approach to probe complex interactions and nonlinearity among predictors into an item response model with the goal of using a hybrid approach to outperform either an RF or explanatory item response model (EIRM) only in explaining item responses. In the specified model, called EIRM-RF, predicted values using RF are added as a predictor in EIRM to model the nonlinear and interaction effects of person- and item-level predictors in person-by-item response data, while accounting for random effects over persons and items. The results of the EIRM-RF are probed with interpretable machine learning (ML) methods, including feature importance measures, partial dependence plots, accumulated local effect plots, and the

Indexed as

explanatory item response theoryinterpretable machine learningmixed-effects machine learningrandom forests

Identifiers

PMID40739461
PMCPMC12483716

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.