Trial reportMolecular neurobiology2025
Pentoxifylline as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Generalized Epilepsy Treated with Phenytoin: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Trial report in Molecular neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05637086 (Clinical Study Evaluating and Comparing the Safety and the Possible Efficacy of Pentoxifylline and Celecoxib in Patients With Grand-Mal Epilepsy Treated by Phenytoin Monotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Study Evaluating and Comparing the Safety and the Possible Efficacy of Pentoxifylline and Celecoxib in Patients With Grand-Mal Epilepsy Treated by Phenytoin Monotherapy
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- DAMPs, PAMPs, and Alarmins: From Mechanism to Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epilepsy is a persistent neurological condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is regarded as a key contributor to the process of epileptogenesis. Several preclinical studies investigated the protective role of pentoxifylline (PTX) in an experimental model of epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the fundamental role of pentoxifylline and its protective pathways in generalized epilepsy patients. In this controlled parallel randomized clinical study, 66 patients with generalized epilepsy were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 (the control group; n = 33) received 100 mg of phenytoin three times daily (t.i.d.) for 6 months, while group 2 (the pentoxifylline group; n = 33) received 100 mg of phenytoin t.i.d. and 400 mg of pentoxifylline twice daily for 6 months. Participants were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after treatment to assess the serum levels of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), amyloid beta (Aβ), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The clinical outcome was assessed through a mini-mental state examination (MMSE), quality of life questionnaire (QOLIE-31), and seizure frequency. After treatment, the pentoxifylline group demonstrated a significant decrease in serum levels of HMGB1 (P = 0.016), TLR-4 (P = 0.007), NF-κB (P = 0.008), and Aβ (P = 0.012) and a significant increase in serum Nrf2 (P = 0.007). Additionally, the pentoxifylline group showed a significant increase in both the MMSE score (P = 0.001) and QOLIE-31 score (P = 0.001), which was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of seizures (P = 0.025). Pentoxifylline may be considered a promising adjuvant therapy for generalized epilepsy patients. Trial registration number: NCT05637086, registration date: 27-11-2022.
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Registered trials
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