Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40739156›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

A closed loop fully automated wireless vagus nerve stimulation system.

Roshan Pathitharayil Mathews, Iman Habibagahi, Hamid Jafari Sharemi, Ronald Challita, Steven Cha, Aydin Babakhani

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Roshan Pathitharayil Mathews *Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. roshanmat@ucla.edu.
Iman Habibagahi *Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ihabibagahi@ucla.edu.
Hamid Jafari SharemiElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ronald ChallitaUCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Steven ChaUCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Aydin BabakhaniElectrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. aydinbabakhani@ucla.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been explored as a treatment for a range of conditions, including epilepsy, cardiovascular disorders, drug-resistant depression, chronic pain, and obesity. Conventionally, VNS is administered using an open-loop approach, in which trained personnel adjust stimulation parameters. Medical supervision is necessary to minimize adverse effects, such as severe bradycardia, which can significantly interfere with daily activities. This requirement limits the feasibility of VNS in unsupervised settings and highlights the need for an automated control system. To address this limitation, we introduce the fully automated wireless VNS (FAW-VNS) system, which dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters to maintain steady-state operation while minimizing bradycardia. The FAW-VNS system operates in real-time and consists of a biocompatible, miniaturized, wirelessly powered implant equipped with cuff electrodes; a handheld device for power delivery and stimulation protocol communication; a sensing patch to collect and transmit heart rate (HR) data; and a central control unit (CCU) that updates stimulation protocols based on the acquired physiological signals. In-vivo studies were conducted on four anesthetized pigs to validate the system's ability to reach a steady-state response, achieving a controlled HR reduction within 2-4% of baseline during stimulation. This work lays the foundation for developing closed-loop, wireless implants for point-of-care applications.

Indexed as

Vagus NerveVagus Nerve StimulationWireless TechnologyAnimalsHeart RateSwine

Identifiers

PMID40739156
PMCPMC12311178

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.