ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025
Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 234 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
234 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inflamed Yet Immune-Evasive? A Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Identifies Conserved Inflammatory, Developmental, and Neuronal Signatures Associated with Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Nanomedicine and the tumor immune microenvironment in cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a functional "two-hit" model of papillomavirus-Epstein-Barr virus synergistic carcinogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular interplay of insulin resistance and cancer: advances in monoclonal antibody therapeutics.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Advancing the understanding of the immune escape in lung cancer immunotherapy: Global trends, collaborations, and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Effect of extracellular vesicles on malignant tumours: Mechanisms and clinical findings (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Integrated bioinformatics and feature selection-based discovery of ADP-ribosylation-associated biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Sequential nanocatalytic therapy and lysosomal dysfunction for overcoming castration-resistant prostate cancer.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- PDL1-driven self-amplifying drug homing with immune homeostasis restoration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
- Precisely Engineering Biomimetic Nanoparticles via Controlled Cell Membrane Coating.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T cell therapy against cancer: precision engineering, programmable immunity, and emerging clinical frontiers.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Nitro Reduction-Based RNA Control and Ultrafast Release.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Modulation of Antitumor Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Integrated molecular and immune profiling identifies FOXA1 as a complementary co-target to MUC1 for bispecific immunotherapy in breast cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Next-generation antibody-based therapeutics in cancer: antibody-drug conjugates bispecific antibodies across hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Derived Immune Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Multiple Myeloma.Cancer science · 2026Article
174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune evasion represents a significant challenge in oncology. It allows tumors to evade immune surveillance and destruction, thereby complicating therapeutic interventions and contributing to suboptimal patient outcomes. This review addresses the critical need to understand how cancers evade immune surveillance. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies of tumors to escape immune detection by examining tumor-induced immune suppression, immune checkpoint regulation, and genetic and epigenetic influences. Moreover, it explores the dynamic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in fostering immune resistance and highlights the impact of metabolic reprogramming on immune suppression. Additionally, this review focuses on how tumor heterogeneity influences immune evasion and discusses the limitations of current immunotherapies. The role of key signaling pathways, including programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) is analyzed to elucidate their contributions to immune escape. Emphasizing the complexities of immune evasion, this review underscores the importance of personalized approaches and the integration of multi-omics data to combat therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, it discusses novel and emerging therapeutic strategies, such as bispecific antibodies, oncolytic viruses, and nanotechnology-driven immunotherapies, showcasing innovative avenues in cancer treatment. The significance of this review lies in its potential to guide future research and innovations in immunotherapy, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of cancer immunology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.