ArticleEuropean radiology2026
Gray matter sodium accumulation and atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis correspond to neurotransmitter maps.
Article in European radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo explore gray matter (GM) sodium accumulation and volume reduction in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients by sodium magnetic resonance imaging ( MATERIALS AND
methodsFifty-five RRMS patients and 55 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. We compared the differences in GM total sodium concentration (TSC) and volume between the two groups by voxel-based and region of interest-based analyses, respectively, and then explored the relationship between regional GM damage and clinical characteristics. Spatial correlations between GM damage patterns and atlas-based neurotransmitter maps were investigated using the JuSpace toolbox.
resultsCompared with HC, RRMS patients showed significant TSC increases in bilateral frontal, temporal, occipital cortices, fusiform gyrus, as well as in the right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. The TSC of bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus was significantly positively correlated with expanded disability status scale (r = 0.371-0.383, p ≤ 0.01), whereas the volumes of left hippocampus, putamen and pallidum were significantly negatively correlated with disease duration (r = -0.351 to -0.412, p ≤ 0.01). The GM sodium accumulation or atrophy in RRMS correlated with the spatial distribution of serotonin, dopamine, GABAergic, opioid, and noradrenaline neurotransmitters, and the degree of above alignment was related to clinical characteristics.
conclusionSodium accumulation occurs primarily in cortical regions of RRMS patients and is associated with physical disability. Regional GM damage with specific neurotransmitter systems may explain some clinical manifestations. KEY POINTS: Question
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