ArticleBJGP open2025
Remote versus in-person consultations for acute cystitis: antibiotic treatment and clinical outcomes, a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BJGP open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought a surge of remote consultations in Norwegian primary care with unknown implications for antibiotic treatment and outcomes of acute cystitis.
aimTo examine whether there were differences in antibiotic treatment or repeat contacts for acute cystitis between remote and in-person consultations. DESIGN &
settingA retrospective cohort study was undertaken. For the 4-year period from 2018-2021, we linked individual registry data on all contacts for cystitis by women aged ≥16 years in general practice and out-of-hours (OOH) services in Norway with registry data on dispensed antibiotics.
methodIndex consultations for cystitis episodes were identified when there had been no urinary tract infection-related contacts or antibiotics dispensed at least 2 weeks before the consultation. We compared index remote versus index in-person consultations by antibiotic treatment within 3 days and repeat contacts within 14 days. Remote consultations were defined as consultations by text, telephone, or video.
resultsRemote consultations for acute cystitis increased markedly, from 0.5% of acute cystitis consultations in 2018 to 15.2% in 2021. Index remote consultations were associated with more second-line antibiotic treatment (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.06,
conclusionFor acute cystitis, index remote consultations are associated with more second-line antibiotic treatment and more repeat contacts than in-person consultations. The unique time-period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the regular GP scheme in Norwegian primary care must be considered when interpreting these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.