Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40738278›Full record

ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2026

Comparative Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors vs Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Dhruv Ahuja, Kuan-Hung Yeh, Sagar B Patel, Han Hee Lee, Shane W Goodwin, Virginia Solitano, Christopher Ma, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan, Namrata Singh, Vipul Jairath and 2 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Dhruv AhujaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Kuan-Hung YehDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Sagar B PatelDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Han Hee LeeDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
Shane W GoodwinDivision of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Virginia SolitanoDivision of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Christopher MaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Ashwin N AnanthakrishnanDivision of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Namrata SinghDivision of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Vipul JairathDivision of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Ronghui XuBiostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Siddharth SinghDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: sis040@ucsd.edu.

Funding

San Diego Biomedical Informatics Education & Research (SABER)T15LM011271 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SHAMIM NEMATI · 2012 to 2026
$9.7M
Comparative effectiveness research in Hispanic patients with inflammatory bowel diseasesR01DK135937 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Siddharth Singh · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK135937NLM NIH HHS T15 LM011271
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND &

aimsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors vs tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) antagonists in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

methodsUsing an administrative claims database, we identified patients with IBD who were new users of either JAK inhibitors or TNF antagonists between 2016 and 2023 and had insurance coverage for at least 1 year before and after treatment initiation. We compared the risk of infections (overall and serious infections requiring hospitalization), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) through stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox proportional hazards model accounting for disease characteristics, health care utilization, comorbidities, prior and concomitant medications, and competing risk of mortality.

resultsWe included 856 patients treated with JAK inhibitors (age, 47 ± 17 years; 82% with ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 9422 patients treated with TNF antagonists (age, 45 ± 18 years; 44% with UC). JAK inhibitors were associated with higher risk of overall infections (incidence rate, 62.4 per 100 person-years [PY] vs 37.4 per 100 PY; hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.93), but not serious infections (4.9 vs 5.4; HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.66-1.44) compared with TNF antagonists. There was no difference in the risk of VTE (1.3 vs 1.2; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.28-1.57) and MACE (0.4 vs 0.7; HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.19-1.30). Findings were largely stable on subgroup analyses based on type of IBD, type of JAK inhibitors, age, prior biologic exposure, concomitant use of corticosteroids, and baseline risk of adverse events.

conclusionsIn an observational study of patients with IBD, JAK inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk of serious infections, VTE, or MACE compared with TNF antagonists, although the overall risk of infections was higher.

Indexed as

Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesJanus Kinase InhibitorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansInfectionsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesVenous ThromboembolismJanus Kinase InhibitorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsAdverse Drug ReactionsBenefit-Risk AssessmentInflammatory Bowel DiseasePharmacovigilance

Identifiers

PMID40738278
PMCPMC12576969

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.