Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40737983›Full record

ArticleInfant behavior & development2025

Development and validation of the NIH Baby Toolbox® Math measures.

Sarah Pila, Y Catherine Han, Hubert Adam, Vitali Ustsinovich, Aaron J Kaat, Julie Sarama, Douglas H Clements, Richard C Gershon

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infant behavior & development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. NIH Baby Toolbox® methodology and norms development.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Composite scores for the NIH Baby Toolbox®.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sarah PilaNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: sarah.pila@northwestern.edu.
Y Catherine HanNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Hubert AdamNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Vitali UstsinovichNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Aaron J KaatNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Julie SaramaUniversity of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Douglas H ClementsUniversity of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Richard C GershonNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Funding

TASK ORDER 5: MAKE READY THE NIH BABY TOOLBOX FOR END USERS: FINALIZE ALL PARTICIPANT-LEVEL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSES, AND DISSEMINATION75N94019D00005 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GERSHON, RICHARD · 2019 to 2024
$12.7M
NICHD NIH HHS 75N94019D00005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The NIH Baby Toolbox® Math measures were designed to assess early mathematical abilities in infants and toddlers, providing a standardized approach to evaluating foundational mathematics competencies among other developmental trajectories. This manuscript describes the development of these measures as well as the reliability and validity of these measures in a diverse sample of children aged 1-42 months. More than 2500 participants were recruited from various socio-economic backgrounds and geographic locations to ensure a representative sample. The validation process involved a multi-method approach, including correlations with age, test-retest reliability, and external validity against two popular developmental assessments. Results from N = 926 participants (714 English-exposed, 212 Spanish-exposed) indicated strong correlation with age for all but one of the measures and good test-retest reliability. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the NIH Baby Toolbox Math measures and established early childhood assessments (ASQ-3 and Bayley-4), confirming known-groups validity. These findings suggest that the Baby Toolbox Math measures are reliable and valid tools for assessing early mathematical skills in infants and toddlers, with potential applications in both research and clinical settings. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes and the impact of early interventions on mathematical development.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentMathematicsNeuropsychological TestsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleMental CompetencyNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Neurodevelopmental DisordersReproducibility of ResultsUnited StatesCognitive developmentDevelopmental assessmentEarly childhoodInfancyMathematicsNIH baby toolbox

Identifiers

PMID40737983
PMCPMC12410598

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.